Mesopotamian civilization ancient civilizations history. Archaeological evidence shows that many of the major cities of the harappan civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment and decline during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium b. Indus civilization, also called indus valley civilization or harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the indian subcontinent. Comparison and contrast of mesopotamia and the indus.
Mesopotamian civilizations you have studied, the culture was based on agriculture. Sep 20, 2019 harappa is the name of the ruins of an immense capital city of the indus civilization, and one of the bestknown sites in pakistan, located on the bank of the ravi river in central punjab province. The mesopotamian texts of the same period refer to trade relations with meluha which was the ancient name given to indus region. While the indus valley civilisation developed on the bank of river indus, the mesopotamian civilisation developed on the banks of rivers euphrates and tigris. The sumerians settled in the valleys between the tigris and euphrates rivers, a land known as mesopotamia, the area known today as kuwait and iraq.
Their best art work on miniatures, highly standardised use of bricks and weights see, e. In various cities of mesopotamia, the harappan seals have been found which prove these relationships. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short note. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Comparison and contrast of mesopotamia and the indus valley. Mention any two sources to reconstruct the harappan civilization. However, we do not know the exact reasons why this happened. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan civilization. Technology the people of the indus civilization achieved great accuracy in measuring length, mass, and time. Jul 24, 2016 the harappan period characterised by seals, beads, weights, stone blades and baked bricks is called as the mature harappan culture. Of harappan history practically nothing is known except for purely archaeological. Comparison of mesopotamia and the indus civilization.
Dec 29, 2015 the remains of indus valley civilization or harappan civilization are found in india and pakistan. Smaller groups lived in the area before this time, but it is around 2700 bc when the typical indus cities took place. The mesopotamian civilization and the indus civilization, also known as the harappan civilization, are two of the oldest civilizations in recorded history and are frequently compared and contrasted. The carbon14 datings indicate the mature harappan period to be. The indus civilization existed in south asia from about 2700 bc to 1750 bc. The indus civilization is often referred to as the harappan civilization from the first city discovered called harappa. India has had civilizations as far back as 200,000 years ago. Indus valley civilization while civilizations were developing in. The harappan civilization belongs to the bronze age. Harappan civilization is arguable the most advanced and maybe the oldest civilization in the ancient world. By 1800 bc the harappan civilization began declining. May 26, 2016 both indus valley and mesopotamia are oldest civilizations of the world. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 25001700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. Mesopotamians are noted for developing one of the first written scripts around 3000 bce.
Many of the distinctive features of the harappan civilization like writing, standardised. With no clear evidence of currencymoney being used the exchange must have been through barter system. Aug 27, 2015 indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni. Jun 20, 2019 the mesopotamian texts of the same period refer to trade relations with meluha which was the ancient name given to indus region.
Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. Some scholars like to believe that the large buildings found at harappa and mohenjodaro were in fact temples. May 31, 2018 icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. What is the difference between the harappan and mesopotamian. Comparative study of the harappan and mesopotamian civilisation. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. Sumerians people of mesopotamia developed monarchial system of government while the harappans people of indus valley civilization developed democracy. The urban settlements and great civilization has been ignored by the historian for too long. At the height of the indus civilization, between 26001900 bce, harappa was one of a handful of central places for thousands of cities and towns covering a million square kilometers about. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in. They have dated from 2600 bc to about 2000 1500 bc. Prabhakar several scholars have recorded that the beginnings of harappan studies can be traced back to march or april of 1829, when charles mason gave a. Religion the religion of the indus people had some interesting aspects.
Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the ravi river which now runs 8 km 5. Harappa is the name of the ruins of an immense capital city of the indus civilization, and one of the bestknown sites in pakistan, located on the bank of the ravi river in central punjab province. Having obtained a secure foothold on the plain and mastered its more. The current village of harappa is less than 1 km 0. The civilization of mesopotamia and indus valley was different from each other in the form of government, economy and social system. Indusmesopotamia relations are thought to have developed during the second half of 3rd millennium bce, until they came to a halt with the extinction of the indus valley civilization after around 1900 bce. Basham rejected this view saying that that no idol has been found within these buildings.
While civilizations were developing in mesopotamia and egypt, another great urban civilization was coming into its own in the indus valley, an area of modern day. After the harappan civilization, the major culture observed is painted grey ware pgw culture which is found after a long gap. Art and architecture of harappan culture your article library. Harappan culture spread throughout the indus valley. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. The major problem connected with deciphering of harappan symbols and then to determine the. The founder of this civilization was protodravidians speaking people from middle afr. Let us learn about this very important part of our history. Excavation of ivc sites have beenexcavation of ivc sites have been. Comparison of indus valley and mesopotamian civilization. It was believed to be a hub of art and culture and architecture. Mesopotamia and indus valley civilizations the history. Harappan society had no rulers, and everybody enjoyed equal status.
The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage system, the great bath, the. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization article pdf available in social evolution and history 10no 2 september 2011. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. Shereen ratnagar is one of the most important theoreticians of the indus valley civilization and its archaeological practice. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian products, seal. The known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan.
Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Jun 16, 2015 mesopotamian flourished on banks of tigris and euphrates and the harappan civilisation made its foundation on banks of indus valley. The indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture with sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile indus river valley while controlling the formidable annual flood that simultaneously fertilizes and destroys. The indus valley civilization only flourished in its most developed form between 2500 and 1800 bc until it became extinct, but at the time of these exchanges, it was a much larger entity than the mesopotamian civilization, covering an area of 1. The uniqueness of its art and architecture is traceable in everything ranging from the fort and buildings up to its earthenware and metal products. The indus valley civilization of pakistan and northwestern india flourished from 26001900 bce. This discovery suggests that symbolic writing systems developed independently in at least three places egypt, mesopotamia and harappa between 3500 bc and 3100 bc. Over 4000 years ago a civilization existed in indus valley. The mesopotamian civilization flourished in the euphrates river area in modernday iraq, iran, and syria from 40002500 bce. It has been established that this civilization had relationships with mesopotamia civilization. Growth of economy, use of technology, living in cities.
I need an urgent 15 pages long comparitive study of harappan and mesopotamian civilization. The mature phase of this civilization is known as theas the harappan civilization as the first of itscivilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was the one at harappa, excavated in the 1920s in what was at the time the punjab province of british subcontinent. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. Mcqquiz test mcq on indus civilization indus civilization is considered to be the oldest civilization in the world. Harappan people used many tools and implements of stone, but they were very well acquainted with the manufacture and use of bronze, which was made by. The harappan civilisation is sometimes called the mature harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures. Mesopotamian flourished on banks of tigris and euphrates and the harappan civilisation made its foundation on banks of indus valley. Thus, a clear chronological framework emerged for dating the newly christened indus valley civilisation or harappan civilisation. Harappans and their mesopotamian contacts india international. Wikipedia commons attribution view of the high western mound made up of a massive mud brick platform and brick houses of the harappan period.
It is time to unearth the mysteries, myths and ignorance about the great harappa of. We regret that we will not be able to provide you 15 pages long comparitive study of the h arappan and mesopotamian civilization. The harappan culture blossomed as the first urban civilization of ancient india. Post harappan deurbanisation scattered high technology appears out of sync to the life style saturation saturation saturation evolution of harappan civilisation 29 this could have been a result of any or all of the following. It is one of the most popular ancient civilizations in human history, also known as indus valley civilization. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 31 1991 shows a very high level of sophistication and complexity. Yadav and vahia 2011 all seem to arise around 2500 bc to the extent that. The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage system, the great bath, the assembly hall. It is an ancient civilization thriving along the indus river now in pakistan. The key comparisons of indus valley and mesopotamian civilization ar. Comparison of mesopotamia and the indus civilization writework.
Among other names of this civilization is harappa civilization. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not occur after 1900 b. The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated. Each of its facets was unique in artistic creativity. The first excavation was made for cradle discovery of this civilization. This revering civilization is referred to by archaeology as the harappa or indus valley civilization. Ppt harappan civilization powerpoint presentation free. Indus valley or harappan civilization, existed along the. Civilization is the progressive phase of allround development of people living in a given territory.
The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Both indus valley and mesopotamia are oldest civilizations of the world. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. Comparative study of the harappan and mesopotamian. They followed a system of centralized administration. The town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. Countdown for upsc to announce date for prelims 2020 test 8. There is an absence of any temple among the remains of the indus valley. Jan 09, 2016 countdown for upsc to announce date for prelims 2020 test 8. Harappan studies can be traced back to march or april of 1829, when harappans and their mesopotamian contacts lecture delivered at the india international centre on march 1, 20 by v. While theory of kingship or a ruler class has not been proved for indus valley, the mesopotamians were ruled by a priest king, who was considered to be divine. Indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni the known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan.
We believe sumerian civilization first took form in southern mesopotamia around 4000 bceor 6000 years agowhich would make it the first urban civilization in the region. A developed sculptural standard of exquisite beauty is discernible. Harappan civilization, introduction, facts and truth. The indus civilization is often referred to as harappan civilization from one of the major sights called harappa. Harappan civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world. Technology the people of the indus civilization achieved great accuracy in. Comparative study of the harappan and mesopotamian civilisation free download as word doc. The description of meluha in the mesopotamian literature refers to india. Ancient mesopotamian civilizations article khan academy. Sumerians people of mesopotamia developed monarchial system of government while the harappans people of. At the height of the indus civilization, between 26001900 bce, harappa was one of a handful of central places for thousands of cities and towns.
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