Harappan studies can be traced back to march or april of 1829, when harappans and their mesopotamian contacts lecture delivered at the india international centre on march 1, 20 by v. Their best art work on miniatures, highly standardised use of bricks and weights see, e. Harappans and their mesopotamian contacts india international. Harappan people used many tools and implements of stone, but they were very well acquainted with the manufacture and use of bronze, which was made by. The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage system, the great bath, the. The indus civilization is often referred to as the harappan civilization from the first city discovered called harappa. We regret that we will not be able to provide you 15 pages long comparitive study of the h arappan and mesopotamian civilization. Among other names of this civilization is harappa civilization.
Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan civilization. Mesopotamian civilization ancient civilizations history. The mesopotamian civilization flourished in the euphrates river area in modernday iraq, iran, and syria from 40002500 bce. Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. Indus valley civilization was mainly an urban culture sustained by surplus. Comparison and contrast of mesopotamia and the indus valley. Yadav and vahia 2011 all seem to arise around 2500 bc to the extent that. Following a tradition in archaeology, the civilisation is sometimes referred to as the harappan, after its type site, harappa, the first site to be excavated in the 1920s. Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan. Sumerians people of mesopotamia developed monarchial system of government while the harappans people of. The indus valley civilization of pakistan and northwestern india flourished from 26001900 bce. The indus civilization is often referred to as harappan civilization from one of the major sights called harappa.
The harappan civilization belongs to the bronze age. A developed sculptural standard of exquisite beauty is discernible. It is an ancient civilization thriving along the indus river now in pakistan. Comparative study of the harappan and mesopotamian civilisation free download as word doc. It is one of the most popular ancient civilizations in human history, also known as indus valley civilization. The town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. Mesopotamian flourished on banks of tigris and euphrates and the harappan civilisation made its foundation on banks of indus valley. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce.
The indus civilization apparently evolved from the villages of neighbours or predecessors, using the mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture with sufficient skill to reap the advantages of the spacious and fertile indus river valley while controlling the formidable annual flood that simultaneously fertilizes and destroys. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. Harappan civilization, introduction, facts and truth. Dec 29, 2015 the remains of indus valley civilization or harappan civilization are found in india and pakistan. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Growth of economy, use of technology, living in cities. Jun 16, 2015 mesopotamian flourished on banks of tigris and euphrates and the harappan civilisation made its foundation on banks of indus valley. Harappan civilization is one of the most ancient civilizations of the world. However, some important points are stated below to help you. Comparison of indus valley and mesopotamian civilization. The known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan.
Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. Countdown for upsc to announce date for prelims 2020 test 8. It is known for complex drainage systems in cities like babylon and eshnunna, and for the earliest known clay pipe. Mesopotamian civilizations you have studied, the culture was based on agriculture. While civilizations were developing in mesopotamia and egypt, another great urban civilization was coming into its own in the indus valley, an area of modern day.
Art and architecture of harappan culture your article library. Both indus valley and mesopotamia are oldest civilizations of the world. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian products, seal. The first excavation was made for cradle discovery of this civilization. They have dated from 2600 bc to about 2000 1500 bc. After the harappan civilization, the major culture observed is painted grey ware pgw culture which is found after a long gap. We believe sumerian civilization first took form in southern mesopotamia around 4000 bceor 6000 years agowhich would make it the first urban civilization in the region. Mesopotamians are noted for developing one of the first written scripts around 3000 bce. Harappan civilization is arguable the most advanced and maybe the oldest civilization in the ancient world. The civilization of mesopotamia and indus valley was different from each other in the form of government, economy and social system.
The key comparisons of indus valley and mesopotamian civilization ar. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Excavation of ivc sites have beenexcavation of ivc sites have been. Comparative study of the harappan and mesopotamian civilisation. Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Jul 24, 2016 the harappan period characterised by seals, beads, weights, stone blades and baked bricks is called as the mature harappan culture. With no clear evidence of currencymoney being used the exchange must have been through barter system. Today mesopotamian civilisation is known as kuwait and iraq and one of the most important city war ur and presently harappa civilisation pakistan, part of afghanistan and northern india. Indus valley or harappan civilization, existed along the. Technology the people of the indus civilization achieved great accuracy in measuring length, mass, and time.
Harappa is the name of the ruins of an immense capital city of the indus civilization, and one of the bestknown sites in pakistan, located on the bank of the ravi river in central punjab province. Harappan society had no rulers, and everybody enjoyed equal status. Civilization is the progressive phase of allround development of people living in a given territory. The sumerians settled in the valleys between the tigris and euphrates rivers, a land known as mesopotamia, the area known today as kuwait and iraq. The uniqueness of its art and architecture is traceable in everything ranging from the fort and buildings up to its earthenware and metal products. The mesopotamian texts of the same period refer to trade relations with. Smaller groups lived in the area before this time, but it is around 2700 bc when the typical indus cities took place. It is time to unearth the mysteries, myths and ignorance about the great harappa of. Let us learn about this very important part of our history. Technology the people of the indus civilization achieved great accuracy in. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 31 1991 shows a very high level of sophistication and complexity. Comparison of mesopotamia and the indus civilization. Wikipedia commons attribution view of the high western mound made up of a massive mud brick platform and brick houses of the harappan period. The carbon14 datings indicate the mature harappan period to be.
It has been established that this civilization had relationships with mesopotamia civilization. The mature phase of this civilization is known as theas the harappan civilization as the first of itscivilization, as the first of its cities to be unearthed was the one at harappa, excavated in the 1920s in what was at the time the punjab province of british subcontinent. Jan 09, 2016 countdown for upsc to announce date for prelims 2020 test 8. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not occur after 1900 b. Many of the distinctive features of the harappan civilization like writing, standardised. Of harappan history practically nothing is known except for purely archaeological. Archaeological evidence shows that many of the major cities of the harappan civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment and decline during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium b. The story of harappan civilisation tathya india medium.
May 31, 2018 icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization article pdf available in social evolution and history 10no 2 september 2011. The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated. Each of its facets was unique in artistic creativity. The current village of harappa is less than 1 km 0. Prabhakar several scholars have recorded that the beginnings of harappan studies can be traced back to march or april of 1829, when charles mason gave a. Sumerians people of mesopotamia developed monarchial system of government while the harappans people of indus valley civilization developed democracy. However, we do not know the exact reasons why this happened. The urban settlements and great civilization has been ignored by the historian for too long. This revering civilization is referred to by archaeology as the harappa or indus valley civilization. It was believed to be a hub of art and culture and architecture. Shereen ratnagar is one of the most important theoreticians of the indus valley civilization and its archaeological practice. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short note.
Aug 27, 2015 indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the ravi river which now runs 8 km 5. The remains of indus valley civilization or harappan civilization are found in india and pakistan. Religion the religion of the indus people had some interesting aspects. I need an urgent 15 pages long comparitive study of harappan and mesopotamian civilization. Mesopotamia and indus valley civilizations the history. Comparison and contrast of mesopotamia and the indus. Indus valley civilization while civilizations were developing in.
The mesopotamian civilization and the indus civilization, also known as the harappan civilization, are two of the oldest civilizations in recorded history and are frequently compared and contrasted. Having obtained a secure foothold on the plain and mastered its more. The harappan culture blossomed as the first urban civilization of ancient india. Mcqquiz test mcq on indus civilization indus civilization is considered to be the oldest civilization in the world. The indus civilization existed in south asia from about 2700 bc to 1750 bc. Comparison of mesopotamia and the indus civilization writework.
The mesopotamian texts of the same period refer to trade relations with meluha which was the ancient name given to indus region. Sep 20, 2019 harappa is the name of the ruins of an immense capital city of the indus civilization, and one of the bestknown sites in pakistan, located on the bank of the ravi river in central punjab province. Ancient mesopotamian civilizations article khan academy. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 25001700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. They followed a system of centralized administration. While theory of kingship or a ruler class has not been proved for indus valley, the mesopotamians were ruled by a priest king, who was considered to be divine. Jun 20, 2019 the mesopotamian texts of the same period refer to trade relations with meluha which was the ancient name given to indus region.
Indus civilization, also called indus valley civilization or harappan civilization, the earliest known urban culture of the indian subcontinent. In various cities of mesopotamia, the harappan seals have been found which prove these relationships. At the height of the indus civilization, between 26001900 bce, harappa was one of a handful of central places for thousands of cities and towns covering a million square kilometers about. Some scholars like to believe that the large buildings found at harappa and mohenjodaro were in fact temples. Basham rejected this view saying that that no idol has been found within these buildings.
The harappan civilisation is sometimes called the mature harappan culture to distinguish it from these cultures. While the indus valley civilisation developed on the bank of river indus, the mesopotamian civilisation developed on the banks of rivers euphrates and tigris. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. India has had civilizations as far back as 200,000 years ago. Thus, a clear chronological framework emerged for dating the newly christened indus valley civilisation or harappan civilisation. At the height of the indus civilization, between 26001900 bce, harappa was one of a handful of central places for thousands of cities and towns. Indusmesopotamia relations are thought to have developed during the second half of 3rd millennium bce, until they came to a halt with the extinction of the indus valley civilization after around 1900 bce. Over 4000 years ago a civilization existed in indus valley. The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage system, the great bath, the assembly hall. By 1800 bc the harappan civilization began declining. Indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni the known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan.
Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in. What is the difference between the harappan and mesopotamian. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan. Mention any two sources to reconstruct the harappan civilization. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. Mains self study 2016 mission 2016 archives timetable 09 january 2015 5 compare and contrast features of cities of mesopotamia with that of indus valley civilization cities. The indus valley civilization only flourished in its most developed form between 2500 and 1800 bc until it became extinct, but at the time of these exchanges, it was a much larger entity than the mesopotamian civilization, covering an area of 1. There is an absence of any temple among the remains of the indus valley. The founder of this civilization was protodravidians speaking people from middle afr. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. Comparative study of the harappan and mesopotamian. Harappan culture spread throughout the indus valley. The major problem connected with deciphering of harappan symbols and then to determine the.
545 1172 567 156 845 1086 143 23 8 1117 1541 478 241 1514 791 4 1018 1236 356 1541 221 600 1354 4 469 1430 119 1389 1233 278 980 1297 816 324 1108